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knowledge questions magazine Published this article page no 41  Increases in disease and mass mortality events of plants and animals. Increased severity and outbreak extent of forest insect pests in several regions. Poleward shift of species Approximately half of the species assessed globally have shifted poleward or on land also to higher elevations. Irreversible losses Climatecaused local population extinctions have been detected in 47% of 976 species examined and associated with increases in hottest yearly temperatures. Impacts approaching irreversibility such as the impacts of hydrological changes resulting from the retreat of glaciers and Arctic ecosystems driven by permafrost thaw. Impacts on Humans Reduced food and water security o Slowed agricultural growth over the past 50 years globally mainly in mid and low latitude regions. o Ocean warming and ocean acidification adversely affected food production from shellfish aquaculture and fisheries. o Roughly half of the worlds population currently experience severe water scarcity for at least some part of the year due to climatic and nonclimatic drivers knowledge questions in English buy. 

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