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shine india monthly magazine subscription Published this article page no 19 Polar Science and Cryosphere Research (PACER) scheme comprises the Antarctic program Indian Arctic program Southern Ocean program and Cryosphere and Climate program. It is being implemented successfully through National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) an autonomous institute under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. What is the cryosphere? The cryosphere is the frozen water part of the Earth system. These are places on Earth that are so cold that water is frozen solid. These areas of snow or ice which are subject to temperatures below 0°C 32°F for at least part of the year compose the cryosphere. The term cryosphere comes from the Greek word krios which means cold. Ice and snow on land are one part of the cryosphere. This includes the largest parts of the cryosphere the continental ice sheets found in Greenland and Antarctica as well as ice caps glaciers and areas of snow and permafrost. When continental ice flows out from land and to the sea surface we get shelf ice. The other part of the cryosphere is ice that is found in water. This includes frozen parts of the ocean such as waters surrounding Antarctica and the Arctic. It also includes frozen rivers and lakes which mainly occur in polar areas. Significance of Cryosphere The components of the cryosphere play an important role in the Earths climate. Snow and ice reflect heat from the sun helping to regulate our planets temperature. Because polar regions are some of the most sensitive to climate shifts the cryosphere may be one of the first places where scientists are able to identify global changes in climate. PACER encompasses the following six components. 1. Construction of polar research vessel 2. Construction of the third research base in Antarctica 3. Indian scientific endeavours in the Arctic 4. Polar expeditionsAntarctica 5. Replacement of Maitri station 6. Southern Ocean Objective of PACER scheme To improve our understanding of Polar Science and cryosphere system. Major achievements of the PACER scheme in the recent three years 1. Executed 39th & 40th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica shine india monthly magazine subscription buy.
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